The ‘Saint Sebastian’ of Aracoeli, a work of extraordinary interest given its high quality, has not in the past merited much attention by art historians. With the exception of Ilaria Toesca’s precious restoration dossier, this sculpture has never been the object of any particular research. In presenting it to scholars, the author addresses the problem of its historic context, placing it somewhere between the end of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century, between Tuscany and Rome. The question of its paternity is more difficult due to the presence of stylistic characteristics shared by various masters. After having sifted through all the possible references within the Roman context of the years in question, which include the most glorious personalities of our Renaissance, the author, even if unable to be entirely sure of the identification, suggests the possibility of an attribution to Antonio del Pollaiolo or Francesco Rustici (who worked under the direct influence of Leonardo).