Stéphane Verger: Du princeps mourant au défunt héroïsé: les métamorphoses d’un trône. La situle Benvenuti d’Este, premier chef d’œuvre de l’art des situles
Nella stessa tomba 126 dove è stata ritrovata la situla, riutilizzata per accogliere i resti incinerati di un infante dopo esser stata fra gli oggetti d’uso quotidiano (donde le diverse riparazioni visibili sulla sua superficie), vi era una seconda deposizione, relativa a una donna adulta, nel cui ricco corredo compariva anche un bastone con rivestimento metallico, segno di pertinenza ad una classe elevata, o dell’aver rivestito in vita un rango elevato. Ciò conferma senz’altro il fatto che nella secchia bronzea fosse stata deposta una bimba di appena tre anni, proveniente da una famiglia dell’alta società atestina, per la quale furono allestiti vari dispositivi di protezione magica e religiosa, attestati — oltre che dalla situla — anche da altri oggetti significativi, come una fibula di produzione straniera (slovena), una collana di perle in ambra e corallo, e due dischi aurei, simboli solari.
From the death of a prince to his glorification: metamorphosis of a throne. The Benvenuti d’Este situla, the first masterpiece of Situla Art
This situla was found in a grave in Este in 1880. It is one of the finest examples of Recent Orientalising period art from northern Italy. It was made in the second half of the seventh century BCE. This paper presents a new interpretation of the embossed decoration of the three friezes framed within three registers, one above the other.In 1997 it was pointed out the three friezes should be read as one cohesive cycle. This paper proposes a reading of the various episodes present on the strip. The “story” starts at the bottom and reads from right to left. The lower register frames the death of a tall man. The middle one depicts a winged lion leading the way into a fantastic and transitional world. In the upper register a sovereign sits enthroned.It’s impossible to say whether the situla depicts a myth (unknown to us) from the lands occupied by the Veneti. It may instead be the story of a real person. The thread of the storyline lies in the chair or throne, a symbol of power on which the protagonist is seated. In the lower order it’s an almost naturally verdant environment, in the upper register more disciplined, almost ritual. The two are separated by the fantastic winged lion in a world that marks the divide between the world of heroic combat and that of the afterlife. Here forefathers live in a world of heroes, sung of by Hesiod in Ancient Greece. This is a middle world, tied to that of Hades, lying at the extreme edge of the world. It was believed that this was where its inhabitants, those who for some reason entrance to the underworld had been barred, could live an endless benign existence.The use of the situla in everyday has left it with several “scars” on its surface, where back then it had had to be repaired. It ended its days as an urn for a cremated infant. In the same grave, 126, there was a second burial, that of an adult woman. Her rich range of grave goods included a metal plated rod or sceptre. This was a sign that she belonged to a noble élite, or that she’d had a high ranking role when alive. The cremated three year old buried in the bronze bucket and the woman would have been part of one of Este’s noble families. Various talismans had also been placed in the grave to provide the infant with magical and spiritual protection. Apart from the situla itself there were other significant items inside it: a brooch made in Slovenia, a far off land, an amber and coral necklace and two gold discs, sun symbols.
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17 Febbraio 2025, 10:51
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